A Case Report of Lipid-Rich Carcinoma of the Breast Including Histological Characteristics and Intrinsic Subtype Profile

A 57-year-old Japanese woman with schizophrenia, who had received long-term treatment with neuroleptics, noticed a painless, pea-sized lump in her right breast. She was admitted to our hospital and a malignant tumor was diagnosed. The patient underwent a conservative radical mastectomy (Patey's operation). The excised tumor measured 2.0 × 1.2 × 1.1 cm in diameter, and its cut surface was grayish-white. Histologically, tumor cells with clear to foamy cytoplasm were invariably Oil Red O-positive and periodic acid Schiff-negative with or without diastase digestion. The tumor was diagnosed as a lipid-rich carcinoma accompanied by an in situ component. Neuroleptics increase serum prolactin levels by interfering with dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin secretion. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that, although prolactin was not detected, the tumor cells expressed prolactin receptor, indicating prolactin as the genesis of this neoplasm. In immunohistochemical intrinsic subtype analysis, the tumor was negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 1 and 2, and basal cytokeratins (CK5, CK6, and CK14), indicating an unclassified (all-marker negative) subtype. Axillary lymph nodes were free of metastasis (stage I), and the patient has been well for 20 years without any evidence of recurrence

Photoinduced swing of a diarylethene thin broad sword shaped crystal:a study on the detailed mechanism

We report a swinging motion of photochromic thin broad sword shaped crystals upon continuous irradiation with UV light. By contrast in thick crystals, photosalient phenomena were observed. The bending and swinging mechanisms are in fact due to molecular size changes as well as phase transitions. The first slight bending away from the light source is due to photocyclization-induced surface expansion, and the second dramatic bending toward UV incidence is due to single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) phase transition from the original phase I to phase IIUV. Upon visible light irradiation, the crystal returned to phase I. A similar SCSC phase transition with a similar volume decrease occurred by lowering the temperature (phase IIItemp). For both photoinduced and thermal SCSC phase transitions, the symmetry of the unit cell is lowered; in phase IIUV the twisting angle of disordered phenyl groups is different between two adjacent molecules, while in phase IIItemp, the population of the phenyl rotamer is different between adjacent molecules. In the case of phase IIUV, we found thickness dependent photosalient phenomena. The thin broad sword shaped crystals with a 3 mu m thickness showed no photosalient phenomena, whereas photoinduced SCSC phase transition occurred. In contrast, large crystals of several tens of mu m thickness showed photosalient phenomena on the irradiated surface where SCSC phase transition occurred. The results indicated that the accumulated strain, between isomerized and non-isomerized layers, gave rise to the photosalient phenomenon

Molecular dynamics study on DNA damage by tritium disintegration

Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, we simulate the structural change of a telomeric DNA by β-decay of substituted tritium to helium-3. The configuration of the telomeric DNA is obtained by removing TRF2 protein from the TRF2-Dbd-DNA complex (Protein Data Bank ID is 3SJM). We assume that hydrogens (H) of guanines in the telomeric DNA are replaced to helium-3. Since this replacement of the H atoms to the 3He atoms changes the charge distribution significantly, the charge distribution used in the MD simulation for the modified guanine is obtained by the density functional theory calculations. We adopt, as the MD simulation, nanoscale molecular dynamics code with CHARMM36 force field using Langevin thermostat and Nosé–Hoover Langevin piston to control the temperature and pressure of the system, respectively. Moreover, changing both the number of replaced guanine N and the temperature of the system T, we calculate the root mean square deviation RMSD to quantify the dependence of the durability of the telomeric DNA on the β-decays. From the MD simulation, it is found that as N or T becomes larger, the RMSD of the DNA becomes also larger. Namely, it denotes that as the intensity of the β-decays becomes larger or as the temperature is increased, the DNA structure becomes more fragile

Support for UNRWA's survival

The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) provides life-saving humanitarian aid for 5·4 million Palestine refugees now entering their eighth decade of statelessness and conflict. About a third of Palestine refugees still live in 58 recognised camps. UNRWA operates 702 schools and 144 health centres, some of which are affected by the ongoing humanitarian disasters in Syria and the Gaza Strip. It has dramatically reduced the prevalence of infectious diseases, mortality, and illiteracy. Its social services include rebuilding infrastructure and homes that have been destroyed by conflict and providing cash assistance and micro-finance loans for Palestinians whose rights are curtailed and who are denied the right of return to their homeland

Involvement of SIK3 in Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis in Mice

Salt-inducible kinase 3 (SIK3), an AMP-activated protein kinase-related kinase, is induced in the murine liver after the consumption of a diet rich in fat, sucrose, and cholesterol. To examine whether SIK3 can modulate glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver, we analyzed phenotypes of SIK3-deficent mice. Sik3−/− mice have a malnourished the phenotype (i.e., lipodystrophy, hypolipidemia, hypoglycemia, and hyper-insulin sensitivity) accompanied by cholestasis and cholelithiasis. The hypoglycemic and hyper-insulin-sensitive phenotypes may be due to reduced energy storage, which is represented by the low expression levels of mRNA for components of the fatty acid synthesis pathways in the liver. The biliary disorders in Sik3−/− mice are associated with the dysregulation of gene expression programs that respond to nutritional stresses and are probably regulated by nuclear receptors. Retinoic acid plays a role in cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis, wheras ALDH1a which produces retinoic acid, is expressed at low levels in Sik3−/− mice. Lipid metabolism disorders in Sik3−/− mice are ameliorated by the treatment with 9-cis-retinoic acid. In conclusion, SIK3 is a novel energy regulator that modulates cholesterol and bile acid metabolism by coupling with retinoid metabolism, and may alter the size of energy storage in mice

腎摘除術後の対側腎の代償性肥大と腎機能の変移

腎摘除術後の対側腎の体積と腎機能の変移を検討した.対象は腎細胞癌で腎摘除術を受け, 対側腎に明らかな異常がなく, 当院で少なくとも2年以上経過観察している25例であった.25例中12例で毎年CT検査を受けていた.腎の体積は造影CT上の腎の3方向の径を測定し楕円体体積の公式に当てはめて求めた。対側腎の体積は術後3年目まで増加し, 術前体積(100%)に比べて2～7年後の平均最終体積は120%であった.対側腎の腎摘前の体積と術後の最終体積の間に有意な相関はなかったが, 術前に小さい腎は腎摘後の最終体積比率が大きい傾向にあった.血清クレアチニン値は術後1年目に有意に増加したが, 1年目の値に比べてその後数年の経過で有意に低下した.つまり, 代償性腎肥大と腎機能の改善は術後数年以内に完成されるものの, 腎肥大に比べて血清クレアチニン値の改善は遅れた.この理由として, 術後早期の腎血漿流量の増加に伴って代償性腎肥大は起こるが, 糸球体濾過率の上昇は2-一一3年遅れるため, 上昇していた血清クレアチニン値の低下も遅れたことが考えられた.We studied the changes in the serum creatinine level and the volume of the remaining kidney following nephrectomy using contrast-enhanced compounded tomogram (CT) scans. Twenty-five patients undergoing nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma without obvious disease in the remaining kidney were carefully followed for a period of at least two years at our hospital. Twelve patients received follow-up CT scans each year after nephrectomy. The ellipsoid volume of the kidney was calculated by measuring the 3-dimensional size on CT scans. The mean relative volume (%) of the remaining kidney increased up to year 3 postoperatively, and the final mean relative volume at varying periods from years 2 to 7 was 120%. Kidneys that were smaller prior to nephrectomy showed a tendency to have a larger final relative volume after nephrectomy, although there was no significant correlation between the kidney volume prior to nephrectomy and at final measurement. The mean serum creatinine level was significantly increased at one year after nephrectomy, but it decreased significantly over time. Therefore, both compensatory renal hypertrophy and improved renal function seemed to be established within several years after nephrectomy. However, the improvement of serum creatinine was delayed compared with the increase of kidney volume. That is, renal plasma flow might be increased early by compensatory renal hypertrophy, followed within a few years by an increase in glomerular filtration and a decrease of serum creatinine